UF6 container Type 48Y (Source: “Uranium Hexafluoride Cylinders Monitoring Needs”, G. Eccleston & E. Wonder, 2010) 

Considered a complement of nuclear material control and accounting (NMCA), containment and surveillance (C/S) measures are of fundamental importance to any safeguards approach for a facility.

1. Containment: structural features of a facility, containers or equipment which are used to establish the physical integrity of an area, or items, and to maintain the continuity of knowledge of the area or items by preventing undetected access to, or movement of, nuclear or other material, or interference with the items.
   
   An example of this would be the walls of a storage room, transport flasks or storage containers.
   
2. Surveillance: the collection of information through inspector and/or instrumental observation aimed at detecting movements of nuclear material or other items, and interference with containment or tampering with equipment, samples and data.
   
   An example of this would be the video surveillance systems or radiation monitors.